Hyponatremia is a common water balance disorder that often poses a diagnostic or
therapeutic challenge. Therefore, guidelines were developed by professional organizations …

Diabetic patients frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders. These
disturbances are particularly common in decompensated diabetics, especially in the context …

Hyponatraemia, defined as a serum sodium concentration< 135 mmol/l, is the most common
disorder of body fluid and electrolyte balance encountered in clinical practice. It can lead to …

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in
potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal …

Hypomagnesemia is commonly observed in heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
and cardiovascular diseases. Low serum magnesium (Mg) is a predictor for cardiovascular …

The kidneys play a pivotal role in the regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance. With
progressive loss of kidney function, derangements in electrolytes and acid-base inevitably …

Abstract The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of
Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic …

Decreased serum sodium concentration is a rather frequent electrolyte disorder in the
elderly population because of the presence of factors contributing to increased antidiuretic …

Abstract Coronavirus disease (Covid‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is currently the largest health crisis facing most countries …

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder, affecting more than 15% of patients
in the hospital. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the most frequent cause of …