Global warming and the associated climate changes are predictable. They are enhanced by
burning of fossil fuels and the emission of huge amounts of CO 2 gas which resulted in …

Phlebotomines are the sole or principal vectors of Leishmania, Bartonella bacilliformis, and
some arboviruses. The coevolution of sand flies with Leishmania species of mammals and …

The leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases that have a broad global distribution
throughout much of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Despite representing a significant public …

Since July 2009, there has been a community outbreak of leishmaniasis in the south-west
area of the Madrid autonomous community, Spain, affecting residents from four towns that …

Climate change will affect the geographical distribution of many species in the future.
Phlebotomine sandflies are vector species for leishmaniasis, a tropical neglected disease …

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to human health, economic
stability, and biodiversity. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying disease emergence are …

Vector borne diseases are susceptible to climate change because distributions and
densities of many vectors are climate driven. The Amazon region is endemic for cutaneous …

An updated view of the establishment and spread of the leishmaniases in Europe is
presented, mostly with respect to newly emerging and re-emerging foci and the incrimination …

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is an important vector‐borne disease with an
incidence of 15.8 cases per 100,000 people in Iran in 2019. Despite all efforts to control the …

Human leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is an important health problem
worldwide. One of the main aspects arousing interest is the epidemiological scenario …