Glucocorticoids remain the frontline treatment for inflammatory disorders, yet represent a
double-edged sword with beneficial therapeutic actions alongside adverse effects, mainly in …

Pharmacologically, glucocorticoids, which mediate their effects via the glucocorticoid
receptor (GR), are a most effective therapy for inflammatory diseases despite the fact that …

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex. Their
main function is to maintain cell homeostasis through a variety of signaling pathways …

Abstract Background/Aims Synovial fibrosis is a pathological process that is observed in
several musculoskeletal disorders and characterized by the excessive deposition of …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pannus
tissue consisting of synovial fibroblasts (SF), macrophages and lymphocytes. The …

Background Long-term treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) plays an important role in the
management of arthritis patients, although the efficacy/safety balance is unfavorable …

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a transcription factor of which the underlying gene
regulatory mechanisms are complex and incompletely understood. The non-steroidal anti …

Glucocorticoids (GCs), acting via the glucocorticoid receptor (GRα), remain the mainstay
therapeutic choice for the treatment of inflammation. However, chronic GC use, aside from …

Highlights•Nuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-activated transcription factors.•NRs are well-
characterized pharmacologically and are promising drug targets for OA.•Recent studies …

Background Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib have been shown in RA patients in global Phase 2, Phase 3 …