Imbalance of macrophage polarization characterized by an increase in the percentage of
pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages and a decrease in anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages …

Highlights•Macrophages are unique targets because they naturally infiltrate
tumors.•Macrophages can exhibit tumor-supportive or anti-tumor phenotypes.•TLR signaling …

Bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a detrimental side effect of the
long‐term administration of bisphosphonates. Although macrophages were reported to be …

Background Excess alcohol exposure leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Pueraria lobata
(PUE) and Silybum marianum (SIL) are two well-known hepatoprotective herbal remedies …

Osteoarthritis (OA), a highly prevalent chronic joint disease, involves a complex network of
inflammatory mediators that not only triggers pain and cartilage degeneration but also …

Cigarette smoke causes many adverse effects such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and
excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Ginsenoside Rb3 has anti …

Background and aims Hirudo is an important Chinese medicine that has been widely used
in patients with thrombosis-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect and …

Objective Pig brain polypeptides (PBP), active polypeptides hydrolysate extracted from fresh
porcine brain tissue, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in both in vitro and in …

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most common complications in patients with
diabetes and a leading cause of lower extremity amputation. DFUs are exacerbated by …

Background. The clinical anti‐inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DEX) can cause many
side effects such as muscle atrophy for long‐term use. Muscle atrophy induced by DEX may …