Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are heterocyclic secondary metabolites with a typical
pyrrolizidine motif predominantly produced by plants as defense chemicals against …

Covering: July 2001 to December 2012 This review covers pyrrolizidine alkaloids isolated
from natural sources. Topics include: aspects of structure, isolation, and biological …

Among the diversity of secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as means of
defence against herbivores and microbes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common in …

Nanotechnology has a great significance owing to its large variety of applications. Silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs@ Ev) were produced using water extract of Echium vulgare aerial …

Background Because of the hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and cancerogenic effects of
pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) …

Naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are isolated from plants and other sources.
The interest of the scientific community in these compounds owes itself to their high toxicity …

Different medicinal plants and their medicinal values are widely used for various ailments
throughout the world. Various chemical constituents isolated and characterized from …

Anecdotes, both historical and recent, recount the curing of skin infections, including diaper
rash, by using red soils from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Following inoculation of red …

Microbial pathogenesis, cancer progression, and neurological diseases are associated with
oxidative stress due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Echium vulgare L. and Echium plantagineum L. originated
in the Mediterranean, and were later domesticated in Africa, America, Asia, Europe and …