New diseases are emerging as the environment changes, so drug manufacturers are always
on the lookout for new resources to develop effective and safe drugs. In recent years, many …

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer metastasis in which cancer cells
manipulate their metabolic profile to meet the dynamic energetic requirements of the tumor …

NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was
identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with …

Ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a selective proteolytic system that is associated with
the expression or function of target proteins and participates in various physiological and …

Cancer has always been a threat to human health with its high morbidity and mortality rates.
Traditional therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, plays a key role in …

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that detach from the primary site and travel in
the blood stream. A higher number of CTCs increases the risk of breast cancer metastasis …

Introduction The therapeutic targeting of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) through
inhibitors of the 20S proteasome core proteolytic activities has revolutionized the treatment …

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most prevalent neoplastic
diseases worldwide, but efficacious treatments for this pathological condition are still …

Approximately 50%–55% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients have
MYC oncogenic pathway activation. Because MYC is not directly targetable, we have …

Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug
Administration. It can bind to the amino acid residues of the 26S proteasome, thereby …