Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the
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Retail is now the largest employer in the United States. For the most part, retail jobs are “bad
jobs” characterized by low wages, unpredictable work schedules, and few opportunities for …

R etail businesses and retail jobs have much in common in the United States and western
Europe in terms of core tasks, workforce, and competitive trends. 1 Yet, despite all these …

Equitable societies with large middle classes are not the natural outcome of market forces.
Equity, rather, is created by society, by the institutions–the laws, policies and practices–that …

This article adds an international comparative perspective to the reflection on 100 years of
minimum wage legislation in Britain by exploring the impact of minimum wage regulations …

This article draws on the concept of 'productivity coalitions' to assess the micro-foundations
of Danish and Irish social partnership, and the extent to which they have facilitated a …

In this article we examine how post‐industrial Britain and Denmark undertake vocational
training for low‐skilled retail workers. Specifically, we evaluate whether leaders in training …

This paper discusses how five retail chains in the Danish grocery industry attempt to make
low-wage, low-status store-level retail jobs as checkout operators and sales assistants …

Historically, the retail sector has been recognised as a testing ground for new, less
employee-friendly practices. The concentration of the growth of precarious employment in …

Wage moderation has been at the heart of the Netherlands' model of socio‐economic
governance since the 1980s. Low‐paid employment has grown significantly, lower wages …