Ductus Caroticus, the embryonic dorsal aorta between points of junction with the third and
fourth branchial arch arteries normally disappears in early embryonic life. If persist, it forms a …

Normally, the human Aortic arch branching into three great vessels, the adult archetype of
the Aortic arch and its branches are formed, due to the different growth pattern of the aortic …

The most common embryologic anomaly of the aortic arch is aberrant right subclavian artery
(ARSA). This anomaly is also known as Arteria Lusoria (AL) The first ever descriptive …

The vertebral arteries (VA) are the major blood vessels for posterior cerebral circulations.
The variability in the course and origin of vertebral arteries [1] are more significant to …

Cardiomyopathy is an illness that affects the muscle of the heart or the myocardium. Such
illness can target all spectrums of people ages from early childhood to elderly [1]. And its …

Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants-strider results from upper
airway obstruction due to supraglottic tissue collapse. Most causes of laryngomalacia are …

The first description of left superior vena cava (LSVC) was reported by LE CAT in 1738.
LSVC is not a rare congenital abnormality of the systemic venous returns that can have …

Tracheoesophageal fistula is a life threatening condition. Patients not managed surgically
ultimately die of their disease. Surgical management is the only treatment of choice. We …

Pulmonary agenesis appears as an obscure hemithorax on the affected side. There is a
mediastinal swing into the implicated side, and compensatory hyperinflation of the residual …

Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a partial or complete narrowing of the airway under the vocal
cords and above trachea and it is third leading congenital abnormality of larynx. It is …