The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

Understanding the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism had its foundation in the
elucidation of several pathways, but recent advances have come from the application of …

▪ Abstract Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source
for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels …

Nutrient metabolism was examined with regard to insulin secretion in purified rat islet beta-
and non-beta-cells, beta-cell lines, and hepatocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity …

Hepatic glucokinase plays a key role in glucose metabolism as underlined by the anomalies
associated with glucokinase mutations and the consequences of tissue-specific knock-out …

The liver plays a unique role in controlling carbohydrate metabolism by maintaining glucose
concentrations in a normal range over both short and long periods of times. In type 2 …

Insulin has long-term effects on glucose and lipid metabolism through its control on the
expression of specific genes. In insulin sensitive tissues and particularly in the liver, the …

Conversion of glucose into glycogen is a major pathway that contributes to the removal of
glucose from the portal vein by the liver in the postprandial state. It is regulated in part by the …

The regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism has a key role in whole-body energy
metabolism, since the liver is able to store (glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis) and to produce …

Long-chain fatty acids synthesized de novo from acetyl CoA are essential for energy
balance, membrane biosynthesis, and other specialized functions. In humans and other …