Since the early 1980s, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been an attractive target for the
treatment of inflammation-based diseases. Several scientific advancements, by both …

Nucleotide signaling molecules contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways. In the
immune system, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well established as a potent …

The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is comprised of 11
families of enzymes. PDEs break down cAMP and/or cGMP and are major determinants of …

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are common clinical conditions that negatively impact health-
related quality of life and are linked to serious medical comorbidities. Disease mechanisms …

Although cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) were described soon after the
discovery of cAMP, their complexity and functions in signaling is only recently beginning to …

Before ovulation in mammals, a cascade of events resembling an inflammatory and/or tissue
remodeling process is triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovarian follicle. Many LH …

Multiprotein signalling networks create focal points of enzyme activity that disseminate the
intracellular action of many hormones and neurotransmitters. Accordingly, the spatio …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are ubiquitously distributed in
mammalian tissues, play a major role in cell signaling by hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP. Due …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of
terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They …

Macrophages and their counterparts in the central nervous system, the microglia, detect and
subsequently clear microbial pathogens and injured tissue. These phagocytic cells alter and …