This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

In recent years synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes have emerged as key
characterization tools with a remarkable impact for different scientific fields including solid …

Following structural dynamics in real time is a fundamental goal towards a better
understanding of chemical reactions. Recording snapshots of individual molecules with …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high
harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and …

The pulse duration, and, more generally, the temporal intensity profile of free-electron laser
(FEL) pulses, is of utmost importance for exploring the new perspectives offered by FELs; it …

Ultrashort x-ray pulses from free-electron lasers can efficiently charge up and trigger the full
fragmentation of molecules. By coincident detection of up to five ions resulting from rapid …

Free-electron lasers providing ultra-short high-brightness pulses of X-ray radiation have
great potential for a wide impact on science, and are a critical element for unravelling the …

This review article focuses on imaging and controlling ultrafast dynamics of the hydrogen
molecule and its cation, initiated by ultrashort laser pulses. We discuss the mechanisms …

Over the last 20 years, XUV and X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled a wide variety of
time-resolved experiments that have dramatically advanced our understanding of ultrafast …

New capabilities at X-ray free-electron laser facilities allow the generation of two-colour
femtosecond X-ray pulses, opening the possibility of performing ultrafast studies of X-ray …