Because sunlight is diffuse and intermittent, substantial use of solar energy to meet
humanity's needs will probably require energy storage in dense, transportable media via …

The photophysical and photochemical reactions, after light absorption by a photosynthetic
pigment–protein complex, are among the fastest events in biology, taking place on …

Under conditions of excess sunlight the efficient light-harvesting antenna found in the
chloroplast membranes of plants is rapidly and reversibly switched into a photoprotected …

Modern civilization is dependent upon fossil fuels, a nonrenewable energy source originally
provided by the storage of solar energy. Fossil-fuel dependence has severe consequences …

Carotenoids (CARs) are a group of pigments that perform several important physiological
functions in all kingdoms of living organisms. CARs serve as protective agents, which are …

Molecular aggregates are abundant in nature; they form spontaneously in concentrated
solutions and on surfaces and can be synthesized by supramolecular chemistry techniques …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol, 1, Figure 1) is considered the most multifunctional vitamin in the
human body. 1 It plays key roles in many physiological processes such as vision …

Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments that absorb light in the spectral region in which
the sun irradiates maximally. These molecules transfer this energy to chlorophylls, initiating …

Energy-dependent quenching of excess absorbed light energy (qE) is a vital mechanism for
regulating photosynthetic light harvesting in higher plants. All of the physiological …

Intense sunlight is dangerous for photosynthetic organisms. Cyanobacteria, like plants,
protect themselves from light-induced stress by dissipating excess absorbed energy as heat …