Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems have
been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Compared with normal cells …

Significance: Oxidative (reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and nitrosative (reactive nitrogen
species [RNS]) stress affects many physiological processes, including survival and death …

Eukaryotes initiate autophagy to cope with the lack of external nutrients, which requires the
activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 …

Background and Aims Itaconate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays anti‐
inflammatory roles in macrophages during endotoxemia. The mechanisms underlying its …

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases widely known as the principal mediators of the
apoptotic cell death response, but considerably less so as the contributors to the regulation …

Inflammation plays a significant role in protecting hosts against pathogens. Inflammation
induced by noninfectious endogenous agents can be detrimental and, if excessive, can …

The intracellular protein HMGB1 is released from cells and acts as a damage-associated
molecular pattern molecule during many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease …

Autophagy is a catabolic process by which eukaryotic cells eliminate cytosolic materials
through vacuole-mediated sequestration and subsequent delivery to lysosomes for …

Many cancer therapies aim to trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. Nevertheless, the presence
of oncogenic alterations in these cells and distorted composition of tumour …

Caspase-1 is an inflammatory caspase that is activated through formation of inflammasome
complexes in response to both pathogen-derived and endogenous mediators. The most well …