The world is facing the problems of the energy crisis. Thermal analysis and energy
conservation of the engineering devices help to improve their performance. This paper …

Energy is the ability to cause a change in a system. It is usually available as exergy and
anergy. Exergy is a useful part of energy, also known as available energy. Anergy is the …

Stirling machines are ecologically propitious refrigeration devices that utilize natural gases
like helium, nitrogen, or air. Stirling machines are active refrigerators that should be …

Pulse tube cryocoolers are extensively used for space application because of simplicity and
reliability in operation. Many researchers have attempted the numerical analysis of the …

Cryocoolers are devices that are capable of reaching temperatures of 120 K or below.
According to the heat exchangers used in cryocoolers, they are categorized as recuperative …

Abstract Stirling-type Pulse Tube Cryocoolers (PTC) are designed to meet present and
upcoming commercial requirements and needs with durability and low vibrations …