Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of musculoskeletal diseases affecting
masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). In this context, the chronic TMD …

There is a need to expand the current temporomandibular disorders'(TMDs) classification to
include less common but clinically important disorders. The immediate aim was to develop a …

OBJECTIVES: To discuss fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and overlapping conditions, eg,
irritable bowel syndrome, headaches, and chronic fatigue syndrome, within the concept of …

Endogenous pain regulatory system dysfunction appears to play a role in the maintenance
of chronic pain. An important component of the pain regulatory process is the functional …

Many studies report that people with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are more sensitive
to experimental pain stimuli than TMD-free controls. Such differences in sensitivity are …

Females with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) are
characterized by enhanced sensitivity to experimental pain. One possible explanation for …

Present pain models for tension-type headache suggest that nociceptive inputs from
peripheral tender muscles can lead to central sensitization and chronic tension-type …

Objective The mechanisms underlying chronic pain after whiplash injury are usually unclear.
Injuries may cause sensitization of spinal cord neurons in animals (central hypersensitivity) …

Patients with widespread pain or fibromyalgia syndrome have many symptoms besides
musculoskeletal pain: eg fatigue, sleep difficulties, a swollen feeling in tissues, paresthesia …

Objectives Several authors have evaluated different pain measurements, including
quantitative sensory testing (QST), temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain …