Background: Opioids are widely used in pain management, acting via opioid receptors
and/or Toll-like receptors (TLR) present at the central nervous system (CNS). At the blood …

Emerging evidence suggests that both central and peripheral immunological processes play
an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but regulatory …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Application of cyclosporine A (CsA) as a rescue treatment
in acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited by its narrow therapeutic window and great …

Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality due to
atherothrombotic events and represents a group of patients who are in need of optimized …

Bacterial meningitis is a serious life threatening infection of the CNS. To cause meningitis,
blood–borne bacteria need to interact with and penetrate brain endothelial cells (BECs) that …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing in the
cytoplasm and recent evidence indicates that may also possess nuclear roles in regulating …

Organometallic complexes with thiopyrone-based ligands have shown promising cytotoxic
activity in vitro. To investigate the impact of the ligand backbone modification of these …

The extensive intestinal surface offers an advantage regarding nutrient, ion and water
absorptive capacity but also brings along a high exposition to xenobiotics, including drugs of …

The function and expression of drug transporters, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and
organic-anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps), have been investigated but it is not well …

Background: Clopidogrel is a key antiplatelet drug that has substantial interpatient variability
in pharmacodynamic response. Patients with lesser degrees of platelet inhibition in …