Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Metabolic adaptation to viral infections critically determines the course and manifestations of
disease. At the systemic level, a significant feature of viral infection and inflammation that …

Despite long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 persists within a reservoir of CD4+ T
cells that contribute to viral rebound if treatment is interrupted. Identifying the cellular …

When viruses infect cells, they almost invariably cause metabolic changes in the infected
cell as well as in several host cell types that react to the infection. Such metabolic changes …

Latency reversal agents (LRAs) have proven to induce HIV-1 transcription in vivo but are
ineffective at decreasing the size of the latent reservoir in antiretroviral treated patients. The …

Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) show metabolic
alterations of CD4+ T cells through unclear mechanisms with undefined consequences. We …

Antiretroviral therapies efficiently block HIV-1 replication but need to be maintained for life.
Moreover, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV-1 infection that persists despite …

Although white AT can contribute to anti-infectious immune responses, it can also be
targeted and perturbed by pathogens. The AT's immune involvement is primarily due to …

Abstract Th17-polarized CD4+ effector T-cells together with their immunosuppressive
regulatory T-cell (Treg) counterparts, with transcriptional profiles governed by the lineage …

Viral infection almost invariably causes metabolic changes in the infected cell and several
types of host cells that respond to the infection. Among metabolic changes, the most …