Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a large and diverse population of lymphoid
cells that reside between the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that form the intestinal mucosal …

The intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) that reside within the epithelium of the intestine form
one of the main branches of the immune system. As IELs are located at this critical interface …

Technological advances in recent years have allowed for an ever-expanding ability to
analyze and quantify in vivo immune responses. MHC tetramers, intracellular cytokine …

T cell expansion and memory formation are generally more effective when elicited by live
organisms than by inactivated vaccines. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is …

An important question in memory development is understanding the differences between
effector CD8 T cells that die versus effector cells that survive and give rise to memory cells …

Abstract Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is produced by stromal cells in lymphoid tissues and is required
for the development of T cells and for their persistence in the periphery. Unlike many other …

Adoptive-transfer experiments with relatively large input numbers (∼ 10 6) of T cell receptor-
transgenic (TCR-tg) T cells are widely used to model endogenous T cell responses to …

Human mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) CD8+ and Tc17 cells are important tissue-
homing cell populations, characterized by high expression of CD161 (++) and type-17 …

Pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells expand in number after infection and then their numbers
invariably contract by 90–95%, leaving a stable memory cell pool. The chief features of this …