Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems.
Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification …

Much of our understanding of Earth's past climate comes from the measurement of oxygen
and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals in …

Flood basalts, the largest volcanic events in Earth history, are thought to drive global
environmental change because they can emit large volumes of CO2 and SO2 over short …

Current understanding of the long-term carbon cycle posits that Earth's climate is stabilized
by a negative feedback involving CO 2 consumption by chemical weathering of silicate …

The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) from~ 17 to 14 million years ago (Ma) represents an
enigmatic reversal in Cenozoic cooling. A synthesis of marine paleotemperature records …

The response of the ocean overturning circulation to global warming remains controversial.
Here, we integrate a multiproxy record from International Ocean Discovery Program Site …

Reconstructing long-term continental temperature change provides the required counterpart
to age equivalent marine records and can reveal how terrestrial and marine temperatures …

Climate proxies indicate coupling between changes in atmospheric pCO 2, global
temperatures, and ice volume over much of the Cenozoic. Evidence has been presented for …

Geological records from the Antarctic margin offer direct evidence of environmental
variability at high southern latitudes and provide insight regarding ice sheet sensitivity to …