In recent years, with the rapid advancement and consumerization of virtual reality,
augmented reality, mixed reality, and extended reality (XR) technology, the use of XR …

Augmented reality (AR) is a relatively new technology that allows for digitally generated
three-dimensional representations to be integrated with real environmental stimuli. AR can …

This systematic review, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, is aimed to review current research in …

Background Surgeons in the operating theatre deal constantly with high-demand tasks that
require simultaneous processing of a large amount of information. In certain situations, high …

Abstract Background Context Virtual reality (VR)-based simulators offer numerous benefits
and are very useful in assessing and training surgical skills. Virtual reality-based simulators …

Aim: Cognitive load theory (CLT) is of increasing interest to health professions education
researchers. CLT has intuitive applicability to workplace settings, yet how CLT should inform …

Background Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) and endoscopic spine surgery have
continually evolving indications in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. Endoscopic …

Background and aim Surgical flow disruptions occur frequently and jeopardize perioperative
care and surgical performance. So far, insights into subjective and cognitive implications of …

Background Clinical simulations are complex educational interventions characterized by
several design features, which have the potential to influence cognitive load, that is, the …

Objective With the increasing prevalence of spine surgery, ensuring effective resident
training is becoming of increasing importance. Training safe, competent surgeons relies …