Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered proteins designed to target T cells to
cancer cells. To effectively activate the T cells in which they are expressed, CARs must …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a diverse group of specialized antigen-presenting cells with key
roles in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. As such …

The engineering of autologous patient T cells for adoptive cell therapies has revolutionized
the treatment of several types of cancer. However, further improvements are needed to …

Immune checkpoint blockade is able to induce durable responses across multiple types of
cancer, which has enabled the oncology community to begin to envision potentially curative …

4-1BB (CD137, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is an inducible costimulatory
receptor expressed on activated T and natural killer (NK) cells. 4-1BB ligation on T cells …

Costimulatory signals are required to achieve robust chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell
expansion, function, persistence and antitumor activity. These can be provided by …

T cell engineering is a powerful means to rapidly generate anti-tumor T cells. The
costimulatory properties of second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) determine …

Second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) retarget and reprogramme T cells to
augment their antitumour efficacy. The combined activating and co-stimulatory domains …

Endogenous costimulatory molecules on T cells such as 4-1BB (CD137) can be leveraged
for cancer immunotherapy. Systemic administration of agonistic anti–4-1BB antibodies …

Clinical evidence suggests that poor persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-
T) in patients limits therapeutic efficacy. Here, we designed a CAR with recyclable capability …