Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone
morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic …

The NF-κB family of inducible transcription factors is activated in response to a variety of
stimuli. Amongst the best-characterized inducers of NF-κB are members of the TNF family of …

Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)‐associated factor 6 (TRAF 6) is an adapter protein
that mediates a wide array of protein–protein interactions via its TRAF domain and a RING …

The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling events are well known to control diverse
processes and numerous responses, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis …

Abstract Latent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has a substantial role in causing many
human disorders. The persistence of these viral genomes in all malignant cells, yet with the …

Excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune system can be deleterious to the
organism, warranting multiple molecular mechanisms to control and properly terminate …

▪ Abstract The transcription factor NF-κB, more than a decade after its discovery, remains an
exciting and active area of study. The involvement of NF-κB in the expression of numerous …

TRAF6 is a signal transducer that activates IκB kinase (IKK) and Jun amino-terminal kinase
(JNK) in response to pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a key regulator of cell fate during embryogenesis
and has also emerged as a potent driver of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition during …

CD40 is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor‐R (TNF‐R) family,
and that was first identified and functionally characterized on B lymphocytes. Its critical role …