This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Pregnancy and postpartum are
associated with dramatic alterations in steroid and peptide hormones which alter the …

Sex differences are prominent in mood and anxiety disorders and may provide a window
into mechanisms of onset and maintenance of affective disturbances in both men and …

Objective In this paper we evaluate the evidence for sex differences in fetal programming
within the context of the proposed viability–vulnerability tradeoff. Methods We briefly review …

Maternal depressive symptoms influence neurodevelopment in the offspring. Such effects
may appear to be gender-dependent. The present study examined contributions of prenatal …

The maternal environment exerts important influences on offspring mass/growth,
metabolism, reproduction, neurobiology, immune function, and behavior among birds …

The global COVID-19 pandemic has put enormous stress on healthcare systems and
hospital staffing. However, through all this, families will continue to become pregnant, give …

Mental disorders arise from neural and psychological mechanisms that have been built and
shaped by natural selection across our evolutionary history. Looking at psychopathology …

Abstract Postpartum depression affects 10–20% of women following birth and exerts
persisting adverse consequences on both mother and child. An incomplete understanding of …

Microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research is a fast-growing field of inquiry with important
implications for how human brain function and behaviour are understood. Researchers …

The infant gut microbiome is dynamic, and radical shifts in composition occur during the first
3 years of life. Disruption of these developmental patterns, and the impact of the microbial …