Recent developments in sequencing technologies have greatly improved our knowledge of
phylogenetic relationships and genomic architectures throughout the tree of life. Spiralia, a …

Abstract Ensembl (https://www. ensembl. org) is a freely available genomic resource that has
produced high-quality annotations, tools, and services for vertebrates and model organisms …

Chromosomes are a central unit of genome organisation. One tenth of all described species
on Earth are Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, and these generally possess 31 holocentric …

Gene duplication generates new genetic material that can contribute to the evolution of gene
regulatory networks and phenotypes. Duplicated genes can undergo subfunctionalization to …

Hox gene clusters encode transcription factors that drive regional specialization during
animal development: for example the Hox factor Ubx is expressed in the insect metathoracic …

Spiralians, one of the major clades of bilaterians, share a unique development known as
spiralian development, characterized by the formation of tiers of cells called quartets, which …

The pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most
notorious pest insects of rice and maize crops in the world. Here, we generated a high …

Hox genes are central to metazoan body plan formation, patterning and evolution, playing a
critical role in cell fate decisions early in embryonic development in invertebrates and …