Reevaluation of treatment guidelines for Old and New World leishmaniasis is urgently
needed on a global basis because treatment failure is an increasing problem. Drug …

Leishmaniasis, usually caused by the genus Leishmania, has not received the attention it
deserves and in recent times has developed into a major health problem worldwide. 1, 2 …

Background On the American continent, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (CL
and MCL) are diseases associated with infection by several species of Leishmania …

Resistance to antileishmanial drugs such as sodium stibogluconate (SSG), amphotericin B
(Amp-B), and miltefosine is on the rise, and alternate strategies for effective treatment have …

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by at least 17 different species of protozoan Leishmania
parasites and currently affects around 12 million people living mostly in tropical and …

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by various species of protozoan parasite
known as Leishmania, which is transmitted to its mammalian host via bite of an infected …

The emergence of drug-resistant Leishmania species is a significant problem in several
countries. A comparative proteomic analysis of antimony-susceptible and antimony-resistant …

Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. To date, there is no effective
vaccine against this disease. Many antigens have been examined so far as protein-or DNA …

Andrographolide (AG) is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from the leaves of Andrographis
paniculata. AG is a potent and low-toxicity antileishmanial agent. Chemotherapy …

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by a parasitic infection, is considered one of
the most serious skin diseases in many low‐and middle‐income countries. Old World …