Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria introduced into the gastrointestinal tract through food
or water, promoting good health by enhancing the internal microbial balance. Probiotic …

Aquaculture, which constitutes one of the largest food production sectors in the world, is
preferably practiced with natural organic products rather than with synthetic chemicals or …

This study aims to present comprehensive notes for the use of probiotics in aquaculture.
Probiotics have been proven to be positive promoters of aquatic animal growth, survival and …

There is a rapidly growing literature, indicating success of probiotics and prebiotics in
immunomodulation, namely the stimulation of innate, cellular and humoral immune …

Background The classical definition of probiotics indicates “they are live microorganisms
which, when ingested in adequate amounts can provide health benefits to the host”. These …

The field of mucosal immunology research has grown fast over the past few years, and our
understanding on how mucosal surfaces respond to complex antigenic cocktails is …

Background The diseases in fish and other economic aquatic species is a great concern,
and every year it causes a huge loss in aquaculture sectors. The use of probiotics might be a …

Probiotics are usually live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts
confer a health benefits on host. Nowadays, probiotics are also becoming an integral part of …

As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are
also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and …

The shellfish aquaculture industry has dramatically developed during the last two decades.
However, this development has, in some cases, resulted in environmental degradation …