Lactate in tumors has long been considered “metabolic junk” derived from the glycolysis of
cancer cells and utilized only as a biomarker of malignancy, but is presently believed to be a …

Mutation burden, hypoxia, and immunoediting contribute to altered metabolic profiles in
tumor cells, resulting in a tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by accumulation of …

The microenvironments with high reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) levels, inflammatory
responses, and oxidative-stress effects in diabetic ulcer wounds, leading to poor …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy holds great promise in the treatment of
hematological malignancies but performs poorly in solid tumors due to the tumor …

Increasing numbers of studies have shown that tumor cells prefer fermentative glycolysis
over oxidative phosphorylation to provide a vast amount of energy for fast proliferation even …

Cancer immunotherapy has become an established therapeutic paradigm in oncologic
therapy, but its therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory in the majority of cancer patients …

The main goal of immunotherapy is to turn “cold”(non-inflamed) tumors into “hot”(inflamed)
tumors, hence enhancing the response and cytotoxicity of tumor-specific T cells. In the tumor …

Malignant tumors have a unique tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes mild acidity,
hypoxia, overexpressed reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high glutathione (GSH) levels …

Glycolytic reprogramming is emerging as a hallmark of various cancers and a promising
therapeutic target. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the anti-tumor therapeutic approaches …

Significant advances have been made in materials for biomedical applications, including
tissue engineering, bioimaging, cancer treatment, etc. In the past few decades …