The present paper aims at providing an objective narrative review of the existing non-
pharmacological treatments for spasticity. Whereas pharmacologic and conventional …

Aim To evaluate available evidence examining safety and efficacy of non‐invasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) on upper extremity outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method …

Objective To assess the evidence of the effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation
(NIBS) for rehabilitation of pediatric motor disorders after brain injury. Data Sources Ovid …

Background and Purpose Shift work disrupts the body's circadian rhythms and increases the
risk of health problems. Despite evidence of neuropsychological disturbances in shift …

Background: Repetitive TMS (rTMS), a non-invasive neuro-stimulation tool based on the
principle of electromagnetic induction is recently being employed both for investigational …

Objective This review was conducted to assess the quality of the evidence of effectiveness of
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating motor and language ability of …

Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly investigated, mainly in adults, with the
aims of influencing motor recovery after stroke. However, a consensus on safety and optimal …

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) on spasticity after upper motor neuron (UMN) injury. Eight electronic …

This narrative review aims to provide an objective view of the noninvasive neuromodulation
(NINM) protocols available for treating spasticity, including repetitive transcranial magnetic …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Knowledge of anatomic markers of the hand motor cortex
is essential in the evaluation and treatment of motor neurologic diseases for both adults and …