Cytokines related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provide a communication network essential
for coordinating multiple cell types into an effective host defense system against pathogens …

High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels mediating lymphocyte
trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) and other secondary lymphoid organs. By supporting high …

TNF blockers are highly efficacious at dampening inflammation and reducing symptoms in
rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing …

Advances in understanding the physiologic functions of the tumor necrosis factor
superfamily (TNFSF) of ligands, receptors, and signaling networks are providing deeper …

Background Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to a broad range of rheumatic and
musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Compelling evidence suggests that the measurement of …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by abnormalities in B cell and T cell
function, but the role of disturbances in the activation status of macrophages (Mϕ) has not …

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of baminercept, a lymphotoxin β
receptor IgG fusion protein (LT βR‐Ig), for the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) …

Objectives The interferon (IFN) signature (IS) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) includes over 100 genes induced by type I IFN pathway activation. We developed a …

Objectives To systematically review the literature for assay methods that aim to evaluate type
I interferon (IFN-I) pathway activation and to harmonise-related terminology. Methods Three …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) often develop at sites of persistent inflammation, including
cancers and autoimmune diseases. In most cases, the presence of TLS correlates with …