The functions, purposes, and roles of metallothioneins have been the subject of
speculations since the discovery of the protein over 60 years ago. This article guides …

Copper is an essential element in cells; it can act as either a recipient or a donor of
electrons, participating in various reactions. However, an excess of copper ions in cells is …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. PD
patients exhibit motor symptoms such as akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural …

Copper-containing enzymes perform fundamental functions by activating dioxygen (O 2) and
therefore allowing chemical energy-transfer for aerobic metabolism. The copper …

The degradation of water resources is related to anthropic actions such as rapid
urbanization and industrial and agricultural activities with inefficient land use and occupation …

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of hepatocellular copper
deposition. The diagnostic approach to patients with WD may be challenging and is based …

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in
key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide …

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for most organisms and serves mainly as a redox-
active catalytic centre in enzymes cycling between Cu+ and Cu 2+. Membrane transporters …

Metal ions provide considerable functionality across biological systems, and their utilization
within biomolecules has adapted through changes in the chemical environment to maintain …

Copper (Cu) is a bioelement essential for a myriad of enzymatic reactions, which when
present in high concentration leads to cytotoxicity. Whereas Cu toxicity is usually assumed to …