The serotonin hypothesis of depression is still influential. We aimed to synthesise and
evaluate evidence on whether depression is associated with lowered serotonin …

It is increasingly important to accurately and comprehensively estimate the effects of
particular clinical treatments. Although randomization is the current gold standard …

National efforts to transform undergraduate biology education call for research experiences
to be an integral component of learning for all students. Course-based undergraduate …

Millions of families across the United States are evicted each year. Yet, we know next to
nothing about the impact eviction has on their lives. Focusing on low-income urban mothers …

Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are accepted as the gold-standard approaches to measure
effects of intervention or treatment on outcomes. They are also the designs of choice for …

The propensity score is the probability of treatment assignment conditional on observed
baseline characteristics. The propensity score allows one to design and analyze an …

Objective Examining covariate balance is the prescribed method for determining the degree
to which propensity score methods should be successful at reducing bias. This study …

When estimating causal effects using observational data, it is desirable to replicate a
randomized experiment as closely as possible by obtaining treated and control groups with …

Traditionally in the social sciences, causal mediation analysis has been formulated,
understood, and implemented within the framework of linear structural equation models. We …

Featuring engaging examples from diverse disciplines, this book explains how to use
modern approaches to quasi-experimentation to derive credible estimates of treatment …