Somatic mutations in cancer cells can generate tumour-specific neoepitopes, which are
recognized by autologous T cells in the host. As neoepitopes are not subject to central …

Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine
becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are essential for immune tolerance, but also drive
immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. Therapeutic targeting of Treg cells in …

Cellular therapies using regulatory T (Treg) cells are currently undergoing clinical trials for
the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. In …

Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular
functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the …

Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

IL-2 was first identified as a growth factor capable of driving the expansion of activated
human T cell populations. In the more than 40 years since its discovery, a tremendous …

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan parasite that is able to
infect any nucleated cell in any warm-blooded animal. Toxoplasma gondii infects around 2 …

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), the first cytokine that was molecularly cloned, was shown to be a T cell
growth factor essential for the proliferation of T cells and the generation of effector and …

Cytokines are major regulators of innate and adaptive immunity that enable cells of the
immune system to communicate over short distances. Cytokine therapy to activate the …