Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are the core engine of organismal development. If we
would like to understand the origin and diversification of phenotypes, it is necessary to …

The central conclusions of “The Gene: An Appraisal” are that genetic variance does not
underpin biological evolution, and, therefore, that genes are not Mendel's units of …

The case has been made that the gene-centric approach to biology, which has prevailed
over the past~ 100 years, should be replaced by a fundamental framework based on the cell …

Antiseptics and disinfectants are used globally to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to
prevent infection. Considering the well-documented development of antibiotic resistance …

Abstract Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya all share a common set of metabolic reactions. This
implies that the function and topology of central metabolism has been evolving under …

A general method to infer both positive and purifying selection during the real-time evolution
of hypermutator pathogens would be broadly useful. To this end, we introduce a Simple Test …

Most biological functions are presented through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks.
PPI networks show the complex protein-protein interaction relationship within the organism …