Increasing the yield potential of the major food grain crops has contributed very significantly
to a rising food supply over the past 50 years, which has until recently more than kept pace …

The significance of photoinhibition in nature is evaluated. Mechanisms of photoinhibition
and their relevance in nature, evidence for and patterns of occurrence of photoinhibition in …

Penetration of light into aquatic ecosystems is greatly affected by the absorption and
scattering processes that take place within the water. Thus within any water body, the …

Sea temperatures in many tropical regions have increased by almost 1° C over the past 100
years, and are currently increasing at~ 1–2° C per century. Coral bleaching occurs when the …

Past increases in yield potential of wheat have largely resulted from improvements in
harvest index rather than increased biomass. Further large increases in harvest index are …

The yield potential (Yp) of a grain crop is the seed mass per unit ground area obtained
under optimum growing conditions without weeds, pests and diseases. It is determined by …

Coral reef ecosystems thrive in tropical oligotrophic oceans because of the relationship
between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae called Symbiodinium …

Reef corals (and other marine invertebrates and protists) are hosts to a group of
exceptionally diverse dinoflagellate symbionts in the genus Symbiodinium. These symbionts …

Biological carbonates frequently precipitate out of 18 O and 13 C equilibrium with ambient
waters. Two patterns of isotopic disequilibrium are particularly common.“Kinetic” …

Colonies of the coral Stylophora pisti11ata growing at high light can obtain all the reduced
carbon needed for animal respiration from photosynthesis by symbiotic zooxanthellae. In …