Advances over the past 25 years have revealed much about how the structural properties of
membranes and associated proteins are linked to the thermodynamics and kinetics of …

Secretory proteins are transported to the Golgi complex in vesicles that bud from the
endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) is responsible for …

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor plays critical roles in the central nervous system and
in the cholinergic inflammatory pathway. This ligand-gated ion channel assembles as a …

Human studies examining the effects of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine as a model for
psychosis and as a rapidly acting antidepressant have spurred great interest in …

An aversive abstinence syndrome manifests 4–24 h following cessation of chronic use of
nicotine-containing products. Symptoms peak on approximately the 3rd day and taper off …

Astrocytes are complex bushy cells that serve important functions through close contacts
between their processes and synapses. However, the spatial interactions and dynamics of …

Cholinergic neurons and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain participate
in diverse functions: reward, learning and memory, mood, sensory processing, pain, and …

The addiction‐relevant molecular, cellular, and behavioral actions of nicotine are derived
from its stimulatory effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the …

Addictive drugs can activate systems involved in normal reward-related learning, creating
long-lasting memories of the drug's reinforcing effects and the environmental cues …

Neuronal nAChRs in the medial habenula (MHb) to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN)
pathway are key mediators of nicotine's aversive properties. In this paper, we report new …