All multicellular organisms rely on intercellular communication networks to coordinate
physiological functions. As members of a dynamic social network, each cell receives …

Stem cells have huge potential in many therapeutic areas. With conventional cell culture
methods, however, it is difficult to achieve in vivo-like microenvironments in which a number …

Cells are highly dynamic and adopt variable shapes and sizes. These variations are
biologically important but challenging to investigate in a spatiotemporally controlled manner …

Patterning technologies have expanded drastically over the past two decades with continual
development in current and future lithography methods. Specifically, micro-and …

Microcontact printing (μCP) of proteins is widely used for biosensors and cell biology but is
constrained to printing proteins adsorbed to a low free energy, hydrophobic surface to a high …

Nanoscale biomolecular placement is crucial for advancing cellular signaling, sensor
technology, and molecular interaction studies. Despite this, current methods fall short in …

Functional surfaces that enable both spatial and temporal control of biomolecules
immobilization have attracted enormous attention for various fields including smart …

Microarray technology was developed in the early 1990s to measure the transcription levels
of thousands of genes in parallel. The basic premise of high-density arraying has since been …

Many tissues in vivo contain aligned structures such as filaments, fibrils, and fibers, which
expose cells to anisotropic structural and topographical cues that range from the nanometer …

Micropatterning technologies are emerging as an enabling tool for various microfluidic-
based applications in life sciences. However, the high throughput and multiplex localization …