Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

The regulation of antibody production is linked to the generation and maintenance of
plasmablasts and plasma cells from their B cell precursors. Plasmablasts are the rapidly …

Protective humoral memory forms in secondary lymphoid organs where B cells undergo
affinity maturation and differentiation into memory or plasma cells. Here, we provide a …

Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of
memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse …

Memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for the rapid development of protective immunity
following re-infection. MBCs capable of neutralizing distinct subclasses of pathogens, such …

Somatic cells can be inefficiently and stochastically reprogrammed into induced pluripotent
stem (iPS) cells by exogenous expression of Oct4 (also called Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4 and Myc …

A core feature of protective T cell responses to infection is the robust expansion and
diversification of naïve antigen-specific T cell populations into short-lived effector and long …

Upon infection, antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte responses display a highly
reproducible pattern of expansion and contraction that is thought to reflect a uniform …

Recently, there has been a coordinated effort from academic institutions and the
pharmaceutical industry to identify biomarkers that can predict responses to immune …