Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

The incidence of brain metastases has markedly increased in the past 20 years owing to
progress in the treatment of malignant solid tumours, earlier diagnosis by MRI and an …

Background Combination nivolumab plus ipilimumab was efficacious in patients with
asymptomatic melanoma brain metastases (MBM) in CheckMate 204, but showed low …

Brain malignancies can either originate from within the CNS (gliomas) or invade from other
locations in the body (metastases). A highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment …

Background We did a phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung
cancer (NSCLC) or melanoma with untreated brain metastases to determine the activity of …

Immunotherapy has had a tremendous impact on cancer treatment in the past decade, with
hitherto unseen responses at advanced and metastatic stages of the disease. However, the …

The NCCN Guidelines for Cutaneous Melanoma (termed Melanoma: Cutaneous) provide
multidisciplinary recommendations for diagnostic workup, staging, and treatment of patients …

There is a critical need for effective treatments for leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Here, we
report the interim analysis results of an ongoing single-arm, first-in-human phase 1/1b study …

Melanoma is among the most sensitive of malignancies to immune modulation. Although
multiple trials conducted over decades with vaccines, cytokines, and cell therapies …

CNS-resident macrophages—including parenchymal microglia and border-associated
macrophages (BAMs)—contribute to neuronal development and health, vascularization, and …