The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

Metabolism must be tightly regulated to fulfil the dynamic requirements of cancer cells during
proliferation, migration, stemness and differentiation. Src is a node of several signals …

Pioneering biochemical studies have long forged the concept that the mitochondria are the
'energy powerhouse of the cell'. These studies, combined with the unique evolutionary origin …

Significance: The mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is
encoded by genomic DNA and its dismutase function is fully activated in the mitochondria to …

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a critical role in regulating cellular functions by
selectively dephosphorylating their substrates. Here we present 22 human PTP crystal …

Steroid hormones are synthesized in the adrenal gland, gonads, placenta and brain and are
critical for normal reproductive function and bodily homeostasis. The steroidogenic acute …

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) system plays a key role in energy
production, the generation of free radicals, and apoptosis. A lack of cellular energy …

Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular homeostasis. They generate the most part of
ATP that is used by cells through oxidative phosphorylation. They also produce reactive …

Second messenger responses rely on where and when the enzymes that propagate these
signals become active. Spatial and temporal organization of certain signaling enzymes is …

Mitochondrial shape is determined by fission and fusion reactions catalyzed by large
GTPases of the dynamin family, mutation of which can cause neurological dysfunction …