Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained
by a rolling series of dichotomies such as" resting versus activated" and" M1 versus M2." …

Microglia are emerging as critical regulators of neuronal function and behavior in nearly
every area of neuroscience. Initial reports focused on classical immune functions of …

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and plays a
fundamental role in mediating the onset and progression of disease. Microglia, which …

The treatment of multiple sclerosis has been transformed by the successful development of
immunotherapies that efficiently reduce disease activity and related clinical relapses during …

The neuroimmune system is involved in development, normal functioning, aging, and injury
of the central nervous system. Microglia, first described a century ago, are the main …

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, rapidly change states in response to their
environment, but we lack molecular and functional signatures of different microglial …

Microglia are the primary innate immune cells in the CNS. In the healthy brain, they exhibit a
unique molecular homeostatic 'signature', consisting of a specific transcriptional profile and …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

In the majority of patients multiple sclerosis starts with a relapsing remitting course (RRMS),
which may at later times transform into secondary progressive disease (SPMS). In a minority …