Established models of T-helper-2-cell dominance in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania
major—involving the early production of interleukin-4 by a small subset of Leishmania …

Human leishmaniasis is a spectral disease that includes asymptomatic self-resolving
infection, localized skin lesions, and progressive visceral leishmaniasis. With some overlap …

Over 2 billion people are estimated to be infected with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
yet fewer than 10% progress to clinical tuberculosis within their lifetime. Twin studies and …

Macrophages are host cells for the pathogenic parasite Leishmania major. Neutrophils die
and are ingested by macrophages in the tissues. We investigated the role of macrophage …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that recognize microbial
molecules and initiate host defense. To investigate how TLRs work together to fight …

Leishmaniasis remains a public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 12
million people in 88 countries; 50 000 die of it each year. The disease is caused by …

Susceptibility to infectious disease is influenced by multiple host genes, most of which are
low penetrance QTLs that are difficult to map in humans. Leishmaniasis is a well-studied …

The severity of disease caused by infection with Leishmania major depends critically on the
genetics of the host. Early induction of T helper (Th) 1-type immune responses in the …

Leishmaniasis is one of the world's important infectious diseases. It is prevalent in tropical
and subtropical regions of the world and endemic in 88 countries, with two million new …

Leishmania are digenetic protozoan parasites that are inoculated into the skin by vector
sand flies, are taken up by macrophages, and produce a spectrum of chronic diseases in …