Fake news is a topic that has been discussed for quite some time. Prior to the internet era, it
was mostly distributed through yellow journalism, with a focus on sensational news such as …

The rapid development of different social media and content-sharing platforms has been
largely exploited to spread misinformation and fake news that make people believing in …

Emerging of social media creates inconsistencies in online news, which causes confusion
and uncertainty for consumers while making decisions regarding purchases. On the other …

Metaheuristic optimization algorithms are global optimization approaches that manage the
search process to efficiently explore search spaces associated with different optimization …

Social media sites are now quite popular among internet users for sharing news and
opinions. This has become possible due to the inexpensive Internet, easy availability of …

With the rise in popularity of social media platforms and online forums, they have become a
global source of news. Fake News (FNs) spreading through numerous institutions and …

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge of fake news, creating public health risks.
However, developing an effective way to detect such news is challenging, especially when …

Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is a relatively new and straightforward swarm-based meta-
heuristic optimization algorithm, which is inspired by the flocking behavior of salps when …

Fake news and manipulated information affect the social, economic and emotional growth of
the world's population. For the identification of fake news, several classification systems are …

With the rapid growth of social networks and technology, knowing what news to believe and
what not to believe become a challenge in this digital era. Fake news is defined as provably …