The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

Over the past 10 years, the development and convergence of microbial opsin engineering,
modular genetic methods for cell-type targeting and optical strategies for guiding light …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Mood disorders are common and debilitating conditions characterized in part by profound
deficits in reward-related behavioural domains. A recent literature has identified important …

Flexible electronics has significantly advanced over the last few years, as devices and
circuits from nanoscale structures to printed thin films have started to appear …

There is increasing interest among functional neurosurgeons in the potential for novel
therapies to impact upon diseases beyond movement disorders and pain. A target of …

Both observational and perturbational technologies are essential for advancing the
understanding of brain function and dysfunction. But while observational techniques have …

The long-range GABAergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus
accumbens (NAc) is relatively understudied, and therefore its role in reward processing has …

The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the" reward pathway." Embedded
within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that …

Striatal dopamine plays key roles in our normal and pathological goal-directed actions. To
understand dopamine function, much attention has focused on how midbrain dopamine …