GATA factors are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are found in animals,
fungi, and plants. Compared to that of animals, the size of the plant GATA family is …

The endoderm is a progenitor tissue that, in humans, gives rise to the majority of internal
organs. Over the past few decades, genetic studies have identified many of the upstream …

Neurotransmitter maps are important complements to anatomical maps and represent an
invaluable resource to understand nervous system function and development. We report …

The yellow gene family is intriguing for a number of reasons. To date, yellow-like genes
have only been identified in insect species and a number of bacteria. The function of the …

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) converts cells from static epithelial to
migratory mesenchymal states (Hay, 1995). Here, we demonstrate that EMT in the …

Planarians are flatworms capable of regenerating any missing body part in a process
requiring stem cells and positional information. Muscle is a major source of planarian …

Understanding how novel structures arise is a central question in evolution. Novel structures
are often defined as structures that are not derived from (homologous to) any structure in the …

Although vertebrate hematopoiesis is the focus of intense study, immunocyte development is
well-characterized in only a few invertebrate groups. The sea urchin embryo provides a …

The small intestinal epithelium develops from embryonic endoderm into a highly specialized
layer of cells perfectly suited for the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The development …

Background Metazoan digestive systems develop from derivatives of ectoderm, endoderm
and mesoderm, and vary in the relative contribution of each germ layer across taxa and …