Powerful ultrastructural tools are providing new insights into neuronal circuits, revealing a
wealth of anatomically‐defined synaptic connections. These wiring diagrams are …

This Review discusses the potential usefulness of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a
model organism for chemists interested in studying living systems. C. elegans, a 1 mm long …

A proposal for a fully post-phrenological neuroscience that details the evolutionary roots of
functional diversity in brain regions and networks. The computer analogy of the mind has …

Foraging animals have distinct exploration and exploitation behaviors that are organized
into discrete behavioral states. Here, we characterize a neuromodulatory circuit that …

The nematode C. elegans is an important model for the study of social behaviors. Recent
investigations have shown that a family of small molecule signals, the ascarosides, controls …

Homeostatic sensory systems detect small deviations in temperature, water balance, pH,
and energy needs to regulate adaptive behavior and physiology. In C. elegans, a …

Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in various species and also slows the onset of age-
related diseases. Previous studies from flies and yeast have demonstrated that the target of …

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that regulates fundamental cellular
processes in response to changes in oxygen concentration. HIFα protein levels are …

Actively dividing cells, including some cancers, rely on aerobic glycolysis rather than
oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy, a phenomenon termed the Warburg effect …

During normal development or during disease, animal cells experience hypoxic (low
oxygen) conditions, and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors implement …