In human cells, three closely related RAS genes, termed HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS, encode
four highly homologous proteins. RAS proteins are small GTPases involved in a broad …

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer and KRAS mutation is commonly
associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. Since the KRAS oncoprotein is …

Mutational activation of KRAS promotes the initiation and progression of cancers, especially
in the colorectum, pancreas, lung, and blood plasma, with varying prevalence of specific …

Mutational hotspots indicate selective pressure across a population of tumor samples, but
their prevalence within and across cancer types is incompletely characterized. An approach …

Background Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that harbors KRAS mutations in exon
2 do not benefit from anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. Other activating …

The RASopathies are a group of disorders caused by a germline mutation in one of the
genes encoding a component of the RAS/MAPK pathway. These disorders, including …

Cell lines are invaluable biomedical research tools, and recent literature has emphasized
the importance of genotype authentication and characterization. In the present study, 24 out …

Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with MLL rearrangements (MLL-R) represents a
distinct leukemia with a poor prognosis. To define its mutational landscape, we performed …

We report on whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 213 melanomas. Our analysis established
NF1, encoding a negative regulator of RAS, as the third most frequently mutated gene in …

The EGFR-targeted antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab are used to treat metastatic
colorectal cancers. Mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF and amplification of ERBB2 and …