Plants have unique chemical and physical traits that can reduce infections in animals
ranging from primates to caterpillars. Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus; Asteraceae) are one …

Pollinators are threatened by diverse stressors, including microbial pathogens such as
Crithidia bombi. Consuming sunflower pollen dramatically reduces C. bombi infection in the …

Crithidia bombi is a trypanosomatid parasite that infects several species of bumble bees
(Bombus spp.), by adhering to their intestinal tract. Crithidia bombi infection impairs learning …

An increasing number of wild bee species are declining or threatened with extinction
worldwide. Decline has been proposed to be caused by a combination of threats, including …

The bumblebee gut parasite, Crithidia bombi, is widespread and prevalent in the field. It is
spread faecal-orally between colonies via the shared use of flowers when foraging. Its …