People involved with the criminal justice system in the United States are disproportionately
low-income and indebted. The experience of incarceration intensifies financial hardship …

When youth commit crimes, their parents may be held legally responsible for their actions.
Parental legal culpability laws were developed to ensure justice for victims of crime but also …

System-impacted individuals often rely on others to provide financial support, which aids in
the payment of legal-financial obligations (LFOs). LFOs comprise the fines, fees, restitution …

In the neoliberal age, ordinary people are increasingly responsible for taking up crime
control and surveillance, what we might consider traditional state functions. This article …

Objective: This hypothetical vignette-based experiment was designed to better understand
judges' and probation officers' interpretations and use of juvenile risk assessment tools in …

Research Summary Restitution is court‐ordered payment by an offender to compensate a
crime victim for direct tangible losses resulting from the crime. Making regular restitution …

There is growing evidence that the use of economic sanctions—fines, fees, surcharges, and
restitution—at amounts that people have no meaningful ability to pay, results in significant …

INTRODUCTION Termed the “workhorse of the juvenile justice sys-tem,” probation is the
result of more than half of youth delinquency cases. 1 And, as government and correctional …

Youthful offenders in the USA were at one time treated no differently than adult offenders. It
was not until the mid-1800s that social reformers began to establish specifically designed …

Objective: This hypothetical vignette-based experiment was designed to better understand
judges' and probation officers' interpretations and use of juvenile risk assessment tools in …