Patterning of craniofacial muscles overtly begins with the activation of lineage‐specific
markers at precise, evolutionarily conserved locations within prechordal, lateral, and both …

Chiari-like Malformation (CM) and secondary syringomyelia (SM), as well as their analogous
human conditions, is a complex developmental condition associated with pain and …

As animals forage for food and water or evade predators, they must rapidly decide what
visual features in the environment deserve attention. In vertebrates, this visuomotor …

Coordinated development of muscles, tendons, and their attachment sites ensures
emergence of functional musculoskeletal units that are adapted to diverse anatomical …

Lampreys, which represent the oldest group of living vertebrates (cyclostomes), show
unique eye development. The lamprey larva has only eyespot‐like immature eyes beneath a …

Animals constantly redirect their gaze away or towards relevant targets and, besides these
goal-oriented responses, stabilizing movements clamp the visual scene avoiding image …

The group Vertebrata is currently placed as a subphylum in the phylum Chordata, together
with two other subphyla, Cephalochordata (lancelets) and Urochordata (ascidians). The past …

Gene regulatory networks that act upstream of skeletal muscle fate determinants are distinct
in different anatomical locations. Despite recent efforts, a clear understanding of the cascade …

The affinity of Tullimonstrum gregarium, a pincer‐mouthed, soft bodied bilaterian, has been
subject to debate since its recovery from Carboniferous coal deposits at Mazon Creek …

Our knowledge of vertebrate cranium evolution has relied largely on the study of
gnathostomes. Recent evolutionary and developmental studies of cyclostomes have shed …