All eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated immune systems to appropriately
respond to biotic stresses. In plants and animals, a key part of this immune system is pattern …

Plants host a mesmerizing diversity of microbes inside and around their roots, known as the
microbiome. The microbiome is composed mostly of fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and …

Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular leucine rich-repeat domain (LRR) immune
receptors to detect pathogens. LRR receptor kinases and LRR receptor proteins at the …

Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) play crucial roles in plant
immunity, growth, and development. Plants deploy a large number of RLKs and RLPs as …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely
occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are …

Chloroplasts are crucial players in the activation of defensive hormonal responses during
plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we show that a plant virus-encoded protein re-localizes …